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39th Congress. 1865-1867.
39th Congress. 1865-1867.
39th Congress demographics.
Item
39th Congress. 1865-1867.
Subject:39th Congress demographics.
Description:Composition of the 39th Congress. The 39th Congress passed the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments and increased their membership of Radical Republicans going into Radical Reconstruction in 1867.
Abraham Lincoln PhotographAbraham Lincoln PhotographAbraham Lincoln
Photograph
Item
Abraham Lincoln Photograph
Subject:Abraham Lincoln
Photograph
Description:This is a Photograph of Abraham Lincoln who served as President of the United States during the American Civil War. He served as President from March 4, 1861, to April 15, 1865.
Andrew Johnson Impeachment Timeline from the National Park Service.Andrew Johnson Impeachment Timeline from the National Park Service. Andrew Johnson Impeachment Timeline
National Park Service
Item
Andrew Johnson Impeachment Timeline from the National Park Service.
Subject:Andrew Johnson Impeachment Timeline
National Park Service
Description:This hyperlink is a comprehensive timeline of the Andrew Johnson Impeachment Trial. The timeline begins on March 2, 1867, when Johnson vetoed the Tenure of Office Act and concluded on March 26, 1868, when the trial ended in his acquittal.
Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction and How it works.Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction and How it works. Andrew Johnson
Political Cartoon
Thomas Nast
Item
Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction and How it works.
Subject:Andrew Johnson
Political Cartoon
Thomas Nast
Description:Cartoon showing Andrew Johnson as the deceitful Iago who betrayed Othello, portrayed here as an African American Civil War veteran. Includes scenes of slave auction, whites attacking African Americans in Memphis and New Orleans, and "Copperhead" and "C.S.A." snakes wrapped around African American man while Andrew Johnson and others watch. This represents Nast critiquing Johnson's Reconstruction plans. [show more]
Bingham proposed an amendment that became article one of the Fourteenth Amendment.Bingham proposed an amendment that became article one of the Fourteenth Amendment. Fourteenth Amendment
Thirty-Ninth Congress
Item
Bingham proposed an amendment that became article one of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Subject:Fourteenth Amendment
Thirty-Ninth Congress
Description:Bingham proposed an article to ensure that all citizens of the United States receive equal protection under the law. This was the initial draft of the Equal Protection Clause.
Brown v. Board of EducationBrown v. Board of EducationReference. Desegregation of public schools.
Equal Protection Clause.
Item
Brown v. Board of Education
Type:Reference.
Subject:Desegregation of public schools.
Equal Protection Clause.
Description:The decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. The unanimous decision by Chief Justice Earl Warren ruled that segregation of students in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because separate facilities are unequal. [show more]
Bush v. Gore.Bush v. Gore. Bush v. Gore and the Equal Protection Clause.
Item
Bush v. Gore.
Subject:Bush v. Gore and the Equal Protection Clause.
Description:Bush v. Gore was a Supreme Court Case decision that ended the Florida recounts of the 2000 election between George W. Bush and Al Gore. Bush argued that the recounts violated the Equal Protection Clause because Flordia did not have a statewide recount standard. Gore argued that there was an "intent of the voter standard" which did not violate the Equal Protection Clause. Seven Justices O'Connor, Rehnquist, Scalia, and Thomas argued that calling for a statewide recount violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. [show more]
Charles Sumner BiographyCharles Sumner BiographyBiography of Charles Sumner.
Item
Charles Sumner Biography
Subject:Biography of Charles Sumner.
Description:Biography of Senator Charles Sumner, a prominent Radical Republican during Reconstruction. Massachusetts Senator served from April 25, 1851, to March 11, 1874. He became influential in drafting the Reconstruction amendments.
Civil Rights Act of 1866.Civil Rights Act of 1866. Civil Rights Act 1866.
Item
Civil Rights Act of 1866.
Subject:Civil Rights Act 1866.
Description:Republicans in Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 which President Johnson vetoed which led to a confrontation between the factions. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was followed by the Civil Rights Act of 1875 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Congress - 14th Amendment 2nd section / Kemble.Congress - 14th Amendment 2nd section / Kemble.Fourteenth Amendment
Congress.
Item
Congress - 14th Amendment 2nd section / Kemble.
Subject:Fourteenth Amendment
Congress.
Description:This political Cartoon depicted Congress and its unwillingness to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment after Reconstruction. This action led to broad Supreme Court decisions such as Obergefell v. Hodges.